![]() The diagrams below show the system of numbering the sections and the usual method of subdividing them. It is divided into 36 square-mile “sections” of 640 acres, each which may be divided and subdivided as desired. Guide Meridians, at intervals of 24 miles east and (or) west of the Principal Meridian, are extended north and (or) south from the Base Line Standard Parallels, at 24-mile intervals north and (or) south of the Base Line, are extended east and (or) west from the Principal Meridian. This method is usually applied whenever land survey areas are irregularly sized and/or shaped, so that the boundaries of the property can be more clearly defined. Thus, the description of a township as “Township 16 North, Range 7 West” would mean that the township is situated 16 tiers north of the Base Line for the Principal Meridian and 7 ranges west of that meridian. The township numbers east or west of the Principal Meridians are designated as ranges whereas, the numbers north and south of the Base Line are tiers. Metes and Bounds The original 13 colonies of the United States of America were subdivided and passed into private ownership using the so called metes and bounds method, sometimes jokingly referred to as leaps and bounds. This impacts the following pages: Unit at a Glance for Unit 5 (p. The base lines running north and south are known as “Principal Meridians”, while the east and west base lines are called simply “Base Lines”. Compare patterns and trends in visual sources to draw conclusions. The units were traditional English measures, with land measured by the acre (43,560 square feet). Under this system the lands are divided into “townships,” 6 miles square, which are related to base lines established by the federal government. Surveying in Virginia was not based on the metric system. The system of rectangular surveys was inaugurated in 1785 and the laws governing its establishment have, with various modifications, been applied to all of the United States with the exception of the states listed above. and be able to distinguish between and employ the different types of land survey systems.
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